Forests regulate climate at local, regional, and global scales through exchanges of momentum, energy, moisture, and chemicals with the atmosphere. The notion that forests affect climate is not new. A vigorous debate about deforestation, land use, and climate change occurred during the colonial settlement of North America and continued through the 1800s, but the arguments of conservationists and foresters for forest–climate influences were dismissed by meteorologists. Modern climate science shows that forests warm climate annually by decreasing surface albedo, cool climate through surface roughness and evapotranspiration and by storing carbon, and have additional effects through atmospheric chemistry. Land use is a key aspect of climate policy, but we lack comprehensive policy recommendations. Like our predecessors, we are seeking a deeper understanding of Earth's climate, its ecosystems, and our uses of those ecosystems, and just as importantly we are still searching for the right interdisciplinary framew...

中文翻译：

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森林、气候和公共政策：500 年的跨学科奥德赛

森林通过与大气交换动量、能量、水分和化学物质，在地方、区域和全球范围内调节气候。森林影响气候的观点并不新鲜。关于森林砍伐、土地​​利用和气候变化的激烈辩论发生在北美殖民定居期间，并一直持续到 1800 年代，但气象学家驳回了自然保护主义者和林务员关于森林气候影响的论点。现代气候科学表明，森林每年通过减少地表反照率使气候变暖，通过地表粗糙度和蒸散以及储存碳使气候凉爽，并通过大气化学产生额外影响。土地利用是气候政策的一个关键方面，但我们缺乏全面的政策建议。像我们的前辈一样，