The dog is our oldest domesticate and has experienced a wide variety of demographic histories, including a bottleneck associated with domestication and individual bottlenecks associated with the formation of modern breeds. Admixture with gray wolves, and among dog breeds and populations, has also occurred throughout its history. Likewise, the intensity and focus of selection have varied, from an initial focus on traits enhancing cohabitation with humans, to more directed selection on specific phenotypic characteristics and behaviors. In this review, we summarize and synthesize genetic findings from genome-wide and complete genome studies that document the genomic consequences of demography and selection, including the effects on adaptive and deleterious variation. Consistent with the evolutionary history of the dog, signals of natural and artificial selection are evident in the dog genome. However, conclusions from studies of positive selection are fraught with the problem of false positives given that de...

中文翻译：

---

狗的进化史、选择性扫描和有害变异

狗是我们最古老的驯化动物，经历了各种各样的人口历史，包括与驯化相关的瓶颈和与现代品种形成相关的个体瓶颈。与灰狼以及狗品种和种群的混合在其整个历史中也发生过。同样，选择的强度和重点也有所不同，从最初关注增强与人类同居的特征，到对特定表型特征和行为进行更直接的选择。在这篇综述中，我们总结并综合了全基因组和完整基因组研究的遗传发现，这些研究记录了人口统计学和选择的基因组后果，包括对适应性和有害变异的影响。符合狗的进化史，自然和人工选择的信号在狗的基因组中很明显。然而，正选择研究的结论充满了误报问题，因为...