Bottlenecks in population size can reduce fitness and evolutionary potential, yet introduced species often become invasive. This poses a dilemma referred to as the genetic paradox of invasion. Three characteristics must hold true for an introduced population to be considered paradoxical in this sense. First, it must pass through a bottleneck that reduces genetic variation. Second, despite the bottleneck, the introduced population must not succumb to the many problems associated with low genetic variation. Third, it must adapt to the novel environment. Some introduced populations are not paradoxical as they do not combine these conditions. In some cases, an apparent paradox is spurious, as seen in introduced populations with low diversity in neutral markers that maintain high genetic variation in ecologically relevant traits. Even when the genetic paradox is genuine, unique aspects of a species' biology can allow a population to thrive. We propose research directions into remaining paradoxical aspects of i...

中文翻译：

---

生物入侵是否存在遗传悖论？

种群规模的瓶颈会降低适应性和进化潜力，但引入的物种往往会成为入侵物种。这造成了一个困境，称为入侵的遗传悖论。从这个意义上说，引入的人口必须具有三个特征才能被认为是矛盾的。首先，它必须通过减少遗传变异的瓶颈。其次，尽管存在瓶颈，但引入的种群不能屈服于与低遗传变异相关的许多问题。第三，它必须适应新的环境。一些引入的种群并不矛盾，因为它们没有结合这些条件。在某些情况下，明显的悖论是虚假的，如在中性标记中具有低多样性的引入种群中所见，这些中性标记在生态相关性状中保持高遗传变异。即使遗传悖论是真实存在的，物种生物学的独特方面也可以让种群繁荣发展。我们提出了关于 i... 的剩余矛盾方面的研究方向。