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Beekeeping from Antiquity Through the Middle Ages
Annual Review of Entomology ( IF 15.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-31 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035115
Gene Kritsky 1
Affiliation  

Beekeeping had its origins in honey hunting—the opportunistic stealing of honey from wild honey bee nests. True beekeeping began when humans started providing artificial cavities within which the bees could build comb for the queen to lay her eggs and the workers could process honey. By 2450 BCE, the Egyptians had developed sophisticated apiculture, and, within two millennia, beekeeping with horizontal hives had spread throughout the Mediterranean. During Europe's Middle Ages, honey and wax became important commodities for trade, and beekeeping in skep, log, box, and tree hives flourished to meet the demand. Other species of honey bees contributed to the development and spread of beekeeping in Asia beginning around 300 BCE. Meanwhile, beekeeping evolved independently in Mesoamerica with the stingless bee Melipona beecheii, as documented by archaeological finds and written accounts that survived Spanish conquest.

中文翻译:


从中世纪到古代的养蜂业

养蜂业起源于狩猎蜂蜜-机会性地从野生蜂巢中偷窃蜂蜜。真正的养蜂始于人类开始提供人工蛀牙的地方,蜜蜂可以在其中人工为女王筑巢以产卵,工人们可以加工蜂蜜。到公元前2450,埃及人发展了先进的养蜂业,在两千年之内,带有水平蜂巢的养蜂业已遍及整个地中海。在欧洲中世纪,蜂蜜和蜡成为重要的贸易商品,蜂箱,原木,盒子和树皮蜂箱中的养蜂业蓬勃发展,以满足需求。公元前300左右,其他种类的蜜蜂也促进了养蜂业在亚洲的发展和传播。。同时,考古发现和成文记载记载,在中美洲,养蜂业与无刺蜂“ Melipona beecheii”独立发展,在西班牙征服后幸存下来。

更新日期:2017-01-31
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