Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)-based electrochemical biosensors (ECBSs) have many advantages from MIPs and ECBSs, such as high selectivity and sensitivity, chemical/mechanical stability, reusability, low limit of detection, facile preparation and low cost. MIPs-based ECBSs attract much attention in medical diagnose, biological analysis, environmental monitoring, food safety evaluation, etc. Due to the capacity of highly specific recognition for target biomolecules, MIPs-based ECBSs have been smartly designed and extensively used for electrochemical sensing applications in recent years, exhibiting obvious superiority over other analytical techniques. In this review, firstly we systematically summarize the recent advances of MIPs-based ECBSs reported in recent years, referring to the preparation, structures and components of sensing systems. Secondly, we highlight the sensing applications for various significant biomolecules (proteins, antibiotics, pesticide, neurotransmitter, hormone, etc.), and demonstrate the sensing mechanism and detection performance. Finally, the rational summaries, present challenges and future prospects in the field of MIPs-based ECBSs have been discussed reasonably.

基于分子印迹聚合物（MIP）的电化学生物传感器（ECBS）具有MIP和ECBS的许多优势，例如高选择性和灵敏度，化学/机械稳定性，可重复使用性，低检测限，易于制备和低成本。基于MIPs的ECBS在医学诊断，生物学分析，环境监测，食品安全性评估等方面备受关注。由于具有对目标生物分子的高度特异性识别的能力，基于MIPs的ECBS被巧妙设计并广泛用于电化学传感应用近年来，与其他分析技术相比，显示出明显的优势。在这篇综述中，首先我们系统地总结了近年来报道的基于MIP的ECBS的最新进展，涉及传感系统的制备，结构和组件。其次，我们重点介绍了各种重要生物分子（蛋白质，抗生素，农药，神经递质，激素等）的传感应用，并展示了其传感机理和检测性能。最后，对基于MIP的ECBS领域的合理总结，当前挑战和未来前景进行了合理讨论。