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Controlled droplet microfluidic systems for multistep chemical and biological assays
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-31 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00717h T. S. Kaminski 1, 2, 3, 4 , P. Garstecki 1, 2, 3, 4
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-31 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00717h T. S. Kaminski 1, 2, 3, 4 , P. Garstecki 1, 2, 3, 4
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Droplet microfluidics is a relatively new and rapidly evolving field of science focused on studying the hydrodynamics and properties of biphasic flows at the microscale, and on the development of systems for practical applications in chemistry, biology and materials science. Microdroplets present several unique characteristics of interest to a broader research community. The main distinguishing features include (i) large numbers of isolated compartments of tiny volumes that are ideal for single cell or single molecule assays, (ii) rapid mixing and negligible thermal inertia that all provide excellent control over reaction conditions, and (iii) the presence of two immiscible liquids and the interface between them that enables new or exotic processes (the synthesis of new functional materials and structures that are otherwise difficult to obtain, studies of the functions and properties of lipid and polymer membranes and execution of reactions at liquid–liquid interfaces). The most frequent application of droplet microfluidics relies on the generation of large numbers of compartments either for ultrahigh throughput screens or for the synthesis of functional materials composed of millions of droplets or particles. Droplet microfluidics has already evolved into a complex field. In this review we focus on ‘controlled droplet microfluidics’ – a portfolio of techniques that provide convenient platforms for multistep complex reaction protocols and that take advantage of automated and passive methods of fluid handling on a chip. ‘Controlled droplet microfluidics’ can be regarded as a group of methods capable of addressing and manipulating droplets in series. The functionality and complexity of controlled droplet microfluidic systems can be positioned between digital microfluidics (DMF) addressing each droplet individually using 2D arrays of electrodes and ultrahigh throughput droplet microfluidics focused on the generation of hundreds of thousands or even millions of picoliter droplets that cannot be individually addressed by their location on a chip.
中文翻译：
用于多步化学和生物学测定的受控液滴微流控系统
液滴微流体学是一个相对较新的且发展迅速的科学领域，致力于研究微观尺度上的双相流的流体动力学和特性，以及化学，生物学和材料科学中的实际应用系统的开发。微滴呈现了更广泛的研究社区感兴趣的几个独特特征。主要区别特征包括：（i）大量小体积的隔离小室，非常适合单细胞或单分子测定；（ii）快速混合和微不足道的热惯性，都可以很好地控制反应条件，并且（iii）两种不混溶的液体的存在以及它们之间的界面使新的或奇异的过程（新的功能性材料和结构的合成，否则很难获得，研究脂质和聚合物膜的功能和特性以及在液-液界面处进行的反应）。液滴微流体的最常见应用依赖于为超高通量筛选或合成由数百万个液滴或颗粒组成的功能材料而生成大量隔室。液滴微流体已经发展成为一个复杂的领域。在本文中，我们重点介绍“可控液滴微流控”技术，这些技术组合为多步复杂反应方案提供了便利的平台，并利用了芯片上流体处理的自动和被动方法。“受控液滴微流控”可以被视为能够连续处理和操纵液滴的一组方法。
更新日期：2017-08-31
中文翻译：
用于多步化学和生物学测定的受控液滴微流控系统
液滴微流体学是一个相对较新的且发展迅速的科学领域，致力于研究微观尺度上的双相流的流体动力学和特性，以及化学，生物学和材料科学中的实际应用系统的开发。微滴呈现了更广泛的研究社区感兴趣的几个独特特征。主要区别特征包括：（i）大量小体积的隔离小室，非常适合单细胞或单分子测定；（ii）快速混合和微不足道的热惯性，都可以很好地控制反应条件，并且（iii）两种不混溶的液体的存在以及它们之间的界面使新的或奇异的过程（新的功能性材料和结构的合成，否则很难获得，研究脂质和聚合物膜的功能和特性以及在液-液界面处进行的反应）。液滴微流体的最常见应用依赖于为超高通量筛选或合成由数百万个液滴或颗粒组成的功能材料而生成大量隔室。液滴微流体已经发展成为一个复杂的领域。在本文中，我们重点介绍“可控液滴微流控”技术，这些技术组合为多步复杂反应方案提供了便利的平台，并利用了芯片上流体处理的自动和被动方法。“受控液滴微流控”可以被视为能够连续处理和操纵液滴的一组方法。
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