Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be challenging, and misdiagnosis remains a persistent problem with considerable consequences for patients and health-care systems. Common syndromes are frequently mistaken for MS. Misapplication of MS diagnostic criteria in patients with abnormal radiographic findings and clinical presentations that are atypical for MS is a frequent cause of misdiagnosis. Delays in diagnosis of MS and initiation of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) are associated with an increased risk of disability, putting pressure on physicians to make therapeutic decisions for patients whose diagnosis remains uncertain. DMT is associated with unnecessary risks and morbidity in misdiagnosed patients. This tension between the benefits of an early diagnosis and the risk of misdiagnosis is a pressing problem. For patients who present with brain MRI abnormalities and clinical syndromes that are atypical for MS, strict adherence to MS diagnostic criteria and further clinical, laboratory and radiographic evaluation is prudent and likely to clarify a diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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多发性硬化症的早期诊断和误诊之间的张力

多发性硬化症（MS）的诊断可能具有挑战性，并且误诊仍然是一个持续存在的问题，对患者和医疗系统造成了相当大的后果。常见的综合症通常被误认为是MS。放射线照相结果异常和临床表现不典型为MS的患者误用MS诊断标准是造成误诊的常见原因。MS诊断的延迟和疾病改变疗法（DMT）的启动与残疾风险增加相关，这给医生施加了压力，要求他们为诊断仍不确定的患者做出治疗决策。DMT与误诊患者的不必要风险和发病率相关。早期诊断的益处与误诊的风险之间的紧张关系是一个紧迫的问题。