Net-zero greywater (NZGW) reuse, or nearly closed-loop recycle of greywater for all original uses, can recover both water and its attendant hot-water thermal energy, while avoiding the installation and maintenance of a separate greywater sewer in residential areas. Such a system, if portable, could also provide wash water for remote emergency health care units. However, such greywater reuse engenders human contact with the recycled water, and hence superior treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review processes applicable to the mineralization of organics, including control of oxidative byproducts such as bromate, and maintenance of disinfection consistent with potable reuse guidelines, in NZGW systems. Specifically, TiO₂-UV, UV-hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide-ozone, ozone-UV advanced oxidation processes, and UV, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, filtration, and chlorine disinfection processes were reviewed for performance, energy demand, environmental impact, and operational simplicity. Based on the literature reviewed, peroxone is the most energy-efficient process for organics mineralization. However, in portable applications where delivery of chemicals to the site is a concern, the UV-ozone process appears promising, at higher energy demand. In either case, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, or ED may be useful in controlling the bromide precursor in make-up water, and a minor side-stream of ozone may be used to prevent microbial regrowth in the treated water. Where energy is not paramount, UV-hydrogen peroxide and UV-TiO₂ can be used to mineralize organics while avoiding bromate formation, but may require a secondary process to prevent microbial regrowth. Chlorine and ozone may be useful for maintenance of disinfection residual.

中文翻译：

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用于现场净零灰水回用的高级氧化和消毒工艺：回顾

零净灰水回用（NZGW）或将灰水进行几乎所有原始用途的闭环再循环，可以回收水及其附带的热水热能，同时避免在住宅区中安装和维护单独的灰水下水道。这样的系统，如果是便携式的，还可以为远程紧急卫生保健单元提供洗净水。但是，这样的中水回用使人与循环水接触，因此得到了更好的处理。本文的目的是回顾适用于NZGW系统中有机物矿化的过程，包括控制氧化性副产物（如溴酸盐）以及保持与饮用水可重复使用指南一致的消毒作用。具体而言，TiO ₂-对UV，UV-过氧化氢，过氧化氢-臭氧，臭氧-UV高级氧化过程以及UV，臭氧，过氧化氢，过滤和氯消毒过程进行了性能，能源需求，环境影响和操作简便性的审查。根据已审阅的文献，过氧化物是有机物矿化最节能的过程。但是，在便携式化学药品需要现场运输的应用中，在更高的能源需求下，紫外线臭氧工艺似乎很有前途。在任何一种情况下，反渗透，纳滤或ED均可用于控制补充水中的溴化物前体，并且少量的臭氧侧流可用于防止处理后的水中微生物再生。在能量不是最重要的地方，请使用过氧化氢和UV-TiO ₂可用于使有机物矿化，同时避免形成溴酸盐，但可能需要第二步工艺来防止微生物再生。氯和臭氧可用于维持消毒残留物。