Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses — including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages — also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.

中文翻译：

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组织修复和纤维化中的2型免疫

2型免疫的特征是产生IL-4，IL-5，IL-9和IL-13，这种免疫反应通常在变态反应性炎症或感染蠕虫寄生虫期间在组织中观察到。但是，许多与2型免疫反应相关的关键细胞类型（包括T辅助2细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞，肥大细胞，嗜碱性粒细胞，2型先天淋巴样细胞以及IL-4-和IL-13活化的巨噬细胞）也调节组织修复。受伤后。实际上，这些细胞群体通过减少组织炎症和激活重要的组织再生机制而发挥了至关重要的保护作用。然而，当2型细胞因子介导的修复过程变得慢性，过度旺盛或失调时，它们也可能导致许多不同器官系统中病理性纤维化的发展。在这篇评论中，