当前位置: X-MOL 学术J. Anal. At. Spectrom. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
The production of doubly charged sample ions by “charge transfer and ionization” (CTI) in analytical GD-MS
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-02-23 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c6ja00415f
Sohail Mushtaq 1, 2, 3 , Edward B. M. Steers 1, 2, 3 , DeAnn Barnhart 3, 4, 5 , Glyn Churchill 3, 4, 5 , Martin Kasik 6, 7, 8 , Silke Richter 9, 10, 11 , Jens Pfeifer 9, 10, 11 , Karol Putyera 6, 7, 8
Affiliation  

Normally, in analytical GD-MS, the doubly charged metallic ion signals from the sample are several orders of magnitude less than the corresponding singly charged signals. However, we have observed that using a neon plasma, the M++ signals of some elements, which have double ionization energies close to the first ionization energy of neon, are of the same order as the M+ signal. Doubly charged ions may be produced directly in the discharge cell by electron ionization (EI), and also by two electron Penning ionization (TEP), but these processes cannot explain the above effect. In this paper, we suggest that an additional process named as ‘Charge Transfer and Ionization’ (CTI) produces such ions either in their ionic ground state or in an excited state. To confirm that this process is typical of the discharges used in GD-MS and not an artefact of any particular form of cell and ion extraction system, we have carried out comprehensive experimental measurements using three different GD-MS instruments, viz., Nu Astrum, VG9000 and ELEMENT GD and our results provide clear evidence for CTI. This is the first time the process has been identified as an ionization process in analytical GD-MS. CTI must be differentiated from Asymmetric Charge Transfer (ACT), which is a “selective” process and requires a close energy match (e.g. ΔE < 0.5 eV for a strong effect). On the other hand, CTI is “non-selective” in the sense that a close energy match is not required (e.g. a strong effect is observed with ΔE ∼ 2 eV), although the process only occurs for a limited number of elements, depending on the plasma gas used and the total energy required to doubly ionize the metallic atom.

中文翻译:

在分析型GD-MS中通过“电荷转移和电离”(CTI)产生双电荷样品离子

通常,在分析型GD-MS中,来自样品的双电荷金属离子信号比相应的单电荷信号小几个数量级。但是,我们已经观察到,使用氖等离子体,某些元素的M ++信号的双电离能接近氖的第一电离能,它们的M +信号与M +的阶数相同。信号。可通过电子电离(EI)以及两次电子Penning电离(TEP)在放电室中直接产生带双电荷的离子,但是这些过程无法解释上述效果。在本文中,我们建议采用名为“电荷转移和电离”(CTI)的其他过程,以离子基态或激发态产生此类离子。为了确认该过程是GD-MS中使用的典型放电过程,而不是任何特定形式的电池和离子提取系统的假象,我们使用三种不同的GD-MS仪器进行了全面的实验测量,Nu Astrum,VG9000和ELEMENT GD,我们的结果为CTI提供了明确的证据。这是该过程首次在分析型GD-MS中被识别为电离过程。CTI必须从非对称电荷转移(ACT),它是一个“选择性”的过程,需要密切能量匹配(被区分例如Δ Ë <0.5电子伏特为具有强烈的影响)。在另一方面,CTI是“非选择性的”在这个意义上,一个靠近能量匹配不是必需的(例如有很强的影响与Δ观察ë〜2电子伏特),尽管该过程只发生元件的数量有限,取决于所用的等离子气体和使金属原子双重电离所需的总能量。
更新日期:2017-02-23
down
wechat
bug