The fast progress of theranostic nanomedicine has catalyzed the generation of diverse inorganic nanosystems with intrinsic multifunctionalities for versatile biomedical applications. However, these inorganic biomaterials suffer from the critical issue of low biodegradation rates and subsequently long-term accumulation-induced biosafety risk. Furthermore, the components of some inorganic nanosystems are not the necessary elements/components of the body, unavoidably causing immune response and inducing the toxic potential. The emergence of ultrathin two-dimensional black phosphorus (B.P.) nanosheets as a robust platform promises the clinical translation and biomedical applications of inorganic nanosystems based on their intriguing nature of easy biodegradation and single phosphorus composition, as necessarily required in vivo. This review summarizes and discusses the very recent developments and paradigms of ultrathin B.P. nanosheets in versatile biomedical applications, ranging from design/fabrication strategies, theranostic nanomedicine (PDT/PTT/chemotherapy, synergistic therapy and fluorescence/photoacoustic-based bio-imaging) to biosensing applications. The unique biological behavior and toxicity issue of these B.P. nanosheets are also discussed to guarantee their safe clinical translation. It is highly expected that the elaborately designed/engineered B.P. nanosheets will emerge as one of the most representative biodegradable inorganic nanosystems for versatile and immense biomedical applications to benefit the health of human beings.

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用于治疗性纳米医学的二维黑磷纳米片

治疗性纳米医学的快速发展已经催化了具有多种功能的无机纳米系统的产生，这些纳米系统具有多种用途，可用于多种生物医学应用。然而，这些无机生物材料遭受生物降解率低以及随后长期积累引起的生物安全风险的严重问题。此外，某些无机纳米系统的组成部分不是人体必需的元素/组成部分，不可避免地会引起免疫反应并诱发潜在的毒性。超薄二维黑磷（BP）纳米片作为强大的平台的出现，基于无机纳米系统易于生物降解和必要的单一磷组成的有趣特性，有望在无机纳米系统的临床翻译和生物医学应用中取得成功体内。这篇综述总结并讨论了超薄BP纳米片在各种生物医学应用中的最新发展和范例，从设计/制造策略，治疗性纳米药物（PDT / PTT /化学疗法，协同疗法以及基于荧光/光声的生物成像）到生物传感。应用程序。还讨论了这些BP纳米片的独特生物学行为和毒性问题，以确保其安全的临床翻译。高度期望精心设计/制造的BP纳米片将成为最有代表性的可生物降解的无机纳米系统之一，适用于广泛而广泛的生物医学应用，从而有益于人类的健康。