Background: The most widely recognized feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a positive result on blood testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In patients with acute infection that resolves, HBsAg usually becomes undetectable within a few months and IgG antibody to hepatitis B core antigen becomes detectable at approximately the same time; only later does antibody to HBsAg appear. When HBV infection is chronic, HBsAg is produced continuously in large amounts, hepatitis B core antibody is present, and HBsAg antibody is absent (1). Approximately 1.6% of persons with chronic HBV infection have spontaneous loss of HBsAg each year (2), which usually indicates clearance of the virus.

中文翻译：

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乙型肝炎病毒感染期间血清学发现的误导性模式

背景：乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染最广为人知的特征是对乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）进行血液检测的积极结果。在急性感染消退的患者中，通常在几个月内就无法检测到HBsAg，并且大约在同一时间可以检测到针对乙肝核心抗原的IgG抗体。直到后来才出现针对HBsAg的抗体。当HBV慢性感染时，会连续大量产生HBsAg，存在乙型肝炎核心抗体，而缺少HBsAg抗体（1）。每年约有1.6％的慢性HBV感染者自发丧失HBsAg（2），这通常表明已清除病毒。