Biomaterials are used to engineer functional restoration of different tissues to improve human health and the quality of life. Biomaterials can be natural or synthetic. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a novel materials processing approach to create parts or prototypes layer-by-layer directly from a computer aided design (CAD) file. The combination of additive manufacturing and biomaterials is very promising, especially towards patient specific clinical applications. Challenges of AM technology along with related materials issues need to be realized to make this approach feasible for broader clinical needs. This approach is already making a significant gain towards numerous commercial biomedical devices. In this review, key additive manufacturing methods are first introduced followed by AM of different materials, and finally applications of AM in various treatment options. Realization of critical challenges and technical issues for different AM methods and biomaterial selections based on clinical needs are vital. Multidisciplinary research will be necessary to face those challenges and fully realize the potential of AM in the coming days.

中文翻译：

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生物材料的增材制造

生物材料用于设计不同组织的功能恢复，以改善人类健康和生活质量。生物材料可以是天然的或合成的。增材制造 (AM) 是一种新颖的材料加工方法，可直接从计算机辅助设计 (CAD) 文件逐层创建零件或原型。增材制造和生物材料的结合非常有前景，特别是对于患者特定的临床应用。需要意识到 AM 技术以及相关材料问题的挑战，以使这种方法能够满足更广泛的临床需求。这种方法已经在许多商业生物医学设备方面取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，首先介绍了关键的增材制造方法，然后是不同材料的增材制造，最后，AM 在各种治疗方案中的应用。根据临床需求实现不同 AM 方法和生物材料选择的关键挑战和技术问题至关重要。多学科研究将是必要的，以应对这些挑战并在未来几天充分发挥 AM 的潜力。