Energy balance involves the adjustment of food intake, energy expenditure and body fat reserves through homeostatic pathways. These pathways include a multitude of biochemical reactions, as well as hormonal cues. Dysfunction of this homeostatic control system results in common metabolism-related pathologies, which include obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) are a particular class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that affect energy homeostasis. MDCs affect multiple endocrine mechanisms and thus different cell types that are implicated in metabolic control. MDCs affect gene expression and the biosynthesis of key enzymes, hormones and adipokines that are essential for controlling energy homeostasis. This multifaceted spectrum of actions precludes compensatory responses and favours metabolic disorders. Herein, we review the main mechanisms used by MDCs to alter energy balance. This work should help to identify new MDCs, as well as novel targets of their action.

能量平衡涉及通过体内平衡途径来调节食物摄入，能量消耗和体内脂肪储备。这些途径包括多种生化反应以及激素提示。该稳态控制系统的功能障碍导致常见的与代谢相关的病理，包括肥胖症和2型糖尿病。破坏代谢的化学物质（MDC）是影响能量动态平衡的一类破坏内分泌的化学物质。MDC影响多种内分泌机制，从而影响参与代谢控制的不同细胞类型。MDC影响基因表达以及关键的酶，激素和脂肪因子的生物合成，这对于控制能量稳态至关重要。这种多方面的作用排除了代偿反应，并促进了代谢紊乱。在此处，我们回顾了MDC用来改变能源平衡的主要机制。这项工作应有助于确定新的MDC以及其行动的新目标。