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FGF1 — a new weapon to control type 2 diabetes mellitus
Nature Reviews Endocrinology ( IF 31.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-30 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.78
Emanuel Gasser 1 , Christopher P Moutos 1, 2, 3 , Michael Downes 1 , Ronald M Evans 1, 2
Affiliation  

A hypercaloric diet combined with a sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated comorbidities. Standard treatment for T2DM begins with lifestyle modification, and includes oral medications and insulin therapy to compensate for progressive β-cell failure. However, current pharmaceutical options for T2DM are limited in that they do not maintain stable, durable glucose control without the need for treatment intensification. Furthermore, each medication is associated with adverse effects, which range from hypoglycaemia to weight gain or bone loss. Unexpectedly, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and its low mitogenic variants have emerged as potentially safe candidates for restoring euglycaemia, without causing overt adverse effects. In particular, a single peripheral injection of FGF1 can lower glucose to normal levels within hours, without the risk of hypoglycaemia. Similarly, a single intracerebroventricular injection of FGF1 can induce long-lasting remission of the diabetic phenotype. This Review discusses potential mechanisms by which centrally administered FGF1 improves central glucose-sensing and peripheral glucose uptake in a sustained manner. Specifically, we explore the potential crosstalk between FGF1 and glucose-sensing neuronal circuits, hypothalamic neural stem cells and synaptic plasticity. Finally, we highlight therapeutic considerations of FGF1 and compare its metabolic actions with FGF15 (rodents), FGF19 (humans) and FGF21.

中文翻译:

FGF1——控制2型糖尿病的新武器

高热量饮食加上久坐不动的生活方式是发生胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 和相关合并症的主要危险因素。T2DM 的标准治疗从改变生活方式开始,包括口服药物和胰岛素治疗以补偿进行性 β 细胞衰竭。然而,目前 T2DM 的药物选择有限,因为它们无法在不需要强化治疗的情况下维持稳定、持久的血糖控制。此外,每种药物都与不良反应相关,从低血糖到体重增加或骨质流失。出乎意料的是,成纤维细胞生长因子 1 (FGF1) 及其低促有丝分裂变体已成为恢复正常血糖的潜在安全候选者,而不会引起明显的不良影响。尤其,单次外周注射 FGF1 可在数小时内将葡萄糖降低至正常水平,而没有低血糖的风险。同样,单次脑室内注射 FGF1 可以诱导糖尿病表型的长期缓解。本综述讨论了中央管理的 FGF1 以持续方式改善中枢葡萄糖感应和外周葡萄糖摄取的潜在机制。具体而言,我们探讨了 FGF1 与葡萄糖敏感神经元回路、下丘脑神经干细胞和突触可塑性之间的潜在串扰。最后,我们强调 FGF1 的治疗注意事项,并将其代谢作用与 FGF15(啮齿动物)、FGF19(人类)和 FGF21 进行比较。单次脑室内注射 FGF1 可诱导糖尿病表型的长期缓解。本综述讨论了中央管理的 FGF1 以持续方式改善中枢葡萄糖感应和外周葡萄糖摄取的潜在机制。具体而言,我们探讨了 FGF1 与葡萄糖敏感神经元回路、下丘脑神经干细胞和突触可塑性之间的潜在串扰。最后,我们强调 FGF1 的治疗注意事项,并将其代谢作用与 FGF15(啮齿动物)、FGF19(人类)和 FGF21 进行比较。单次脑室内注射 FGF1 可诱导糖尿病表型的长期缓解。本综述讨论了中央管理的 FGF1 以持续方式改善中枢葡萄糖感应和外周葡萄糖摄取的潜在机制。具体而言,我们探讨了 FGF1 与葡萄糖敏感神经元回路、下丘脑神经干细胞和突触可塑性之间的潜在串扰。最后,我们强调 FGF1 的治疗注意事项,并将其代谢作用与 FGF15(啮齿动物)、FGF19(人类)和 FGF21 进行比较。我们探讨了 FGF1 与葡萄糖敏感神经元回路、下丘脑神经干细胞和突触可塑性之间的潜在串扰。最后,我们强调 FGF1 的治疗注意事项,并将其代谢作用与 FGF15(啮齿动物)、FGF19(人类)和 FGF21 进行比较。我们探讨了 FGF1 与葡萄糖敏感神经元回路、下丘脑神经干细胞和突触可塑性之间的潜在串扰。最后,我们强调 FGF1 的治疗注意事项,并将其代谢作用与 FGF15(啮齿动物)、FGF19(人类)和 FGF21 进行比较。
更新日期:2017-09-06
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