Adipose tissue not only has an important role in the storage of excess nutrients but also senses nutrient status and regulates energy mobilization. An overall positive energy balance is associated with overnutrition and leads to excessive accumulation of fat in adipocytes. These cells respond by initiating an inflammatory response that, although maladaptive in the long run, might initially be a physiological response to the stresses obesity places on adipose tissue. In this Review, we characterize adipose tissue inflammation and review the current knowledge of what triggers obesity-associated inflammation in adipose tissue. We examine the connection between adipose tissue inflammation and the development of insulin resistance and catecholamine resistance and discuss the ensuing state of metabolic inflexibility. Finally, we review the current and potential new anti-inflammatory treatments for obesity-associated metabolic disease.

脂肪组织不仅在多余营养素的存储中起着重要作用，而且还可以感知营养素状态并调节能量动员。总体正能量平衡与营养过剩有关，并导致脂肪在脂肪细胞中过度积累。这些细胞通过引发炎症反应做出反应，尽管从长远来看，它具有适应不良的能力，但最初可能是对肥胖对脂肪组织造成的压力的生理反应。在这篇综述中，我们描述了脂肪组织炎症的特征，并回顾了在脂肪组织中引发肥胖相关炎症的原因的当前知识。我们检查了脂肪组织炎症与胰岛素抵抗和儿茶酚胺抵抗的发展之间的联系，并讨论了新陈代谢僵硬的随后状态。最后，