Fungi are increasingly being recognized as common members of the microbiomes found on nearly all mucosal surfaces, and interest is growing in understanding how these organisms may contribute to health and disease. In this review, we investigate recent developments in our understanding of the fungal microbiota or “mycobiota” including challenges faced in characterizing it, where these organisms are found, their diversity, and how they interact with host immunity. Growing evidence indicates that, like the bacterial microbiota, the fungal microbiota is often altered in disease states, and increasingly studies are being designed to probe the functional consequences of such fungal dysbiosis on health and disease.

真菌越来越被认为是在几乎所有粘膜表面上发现的微生物群落的常见成员，并且人们对了解这些生物如何促进健康和疾病的兴趣也越来越高。在这篇综述中，我们调查了我们对真菌菌群或“真菌菌群”的理解的最新进展，包括表征其所面临的挑战，在何处发现这些生物，它们的多样性以及它们如何与宿主免疫相互作用。越来越多的证据表明，像细菌菌群一样，真菌菌群经常在疾病状态下发生变化，并且越来越多的研究正在设计中，以探究这种真菌病对健康和疾病的功能性后果。