Antiviral transcriptional responses and regulated cell death are crucial components of the host response to virus infection. However, in contrast to the signaling pathways that promote antiviral transcription, those that initiate cell death following virus infection are less understood. Several recent studies have identified pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the mammalian innate immune system that activate cell death pathways. These same receptors also have established roles in the induction of antiviral gene expression. In this review we discuss the mechanisms by which PRRs can serve dual roles as initiators of inflammatory gene expression and as inducers of apoptosis and necroptosis following virus infection.

抗病毒转录反应和受调控的细胞死亡是宿主对病毒感染反应的重要组成部分。然而，与促进抗病毒转录的信号通路相反，那些在病毒感染后引发细胞死亡的信号通路鲜为人知。最近的几项研究已经确定了激活细胞死亡途径的哺乳动物先天免疫系统的模式识别受体（PRR）。这些相同的受体在抗病毒基因表达的诱导中也具有确定的作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了PRRs可以充当炎症基因表达的引发剂以及病毒感染后凋亡和坏死性坏死的诱导物的双重作用的机制。