Mitochondria are key cellular power plants essential for neuronal growth, survival, function, and regeneration after injury. Given their unique morphological features, neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining energy homeostasis at distal synapses and growth cones where energy is in high demand. Efficient regulation of mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring is critical for neurons to meet altered energy requirements. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired transport have been implicated in several major neurological disorders. Thus, research into energy-mediated regulation of mitochondrial recruitment and redistribution is an important emerging frontier. In this review, I discuss new insights into the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring, and provide an updated overview of how mitochondrial motility maintains energy homeostasis in axons, thus contributing to neuronal growth, regeneration, and synaptic function.

中文翻译：

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轴突能量稳态与线粒体运输和锚定的相互作用。


线粒体是神经元生长、存活、功能和损伤后再生所必需的关键细胞发电厂。鉴于其独特的形态特征，神经元在维持对能量需求较高的远端突触和生长锥的能量稳态方面面临着特殊的挑战。线粒体运输和锚定的有效调节对于神经元满足改变的能量需求至关重要。线粒体功能障碍和运输受损与几种主要的神经系统疾病有关。因此，对线粒体募集和再分配的能量介导调节的研究是一个重要的新兴前沿。在这篇综述中，我讨论了关于调节线粒体运输和锚定机制的新见解，并提供了关于线粒体运动如何维持轴突能量稳态，从而促进神经元生长、再生和突触功能的最新概述。