The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased in many Western countries and is higher in men than women. Some risk factors for EAC have been identified—mainly gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, obesity, and tobacco smoking. It is not clear whether interventions to address these factors can reduce risk of EAC, although some evidence exists for smoking cessation. Although consumption of alcohol is not associated with EAC risk, other exposures, such as physical activity, nutrition, and medication use, require further study. Genetic variants have been associated with risk for EAC, but their overall contribution is low. Studies are needed to investigate associations between risk factors and the molecular subtypes of EAC. The prognosis for patients with EAC has slightly improved, but remains poor—screening and surveillance trials of high-risk individuals are needed.

食管腺癌（EAC）的发生率在许多西方国家有所增加，并且男性高于女性。已经确定了EAC的一些危险因素-主要是胃食管反流病，巴雷特食管，肥胖症和吸烟。尽管存在一些戒烟的证据，但尚不清楚针对这些因素的干预措施是否可以降低EAC的风险。尽管饮酒与EAC风险无关，但其他接触（例如身体活动，营养和药物使用）仍需要进一步研究。遗传变异与EAC的风险有关，但它们的总体贡献很低。需要进行研究以调查危险因素与EAC分子亚型之间的关联。EAC患者的预后略有改善，