Dynamic windows, which switch between transparent and opaque states upon application of a voltage, have applications in buildings, automobiles, and switchable sunglasses. Here, we describe dynamic windows based on the reversible electrodeposition of Cu and a second metal on transparent indium tin oxide electrodes modified by Pt nanoparticles. Three-electrode cyclic voltammetry experiments reveal that the system possesses high Coulombic efficiency (99.9%), indicating that the metal electrodeposition and stripping processes are reversible. Two-electrode 25-cm² windows without bus bars uniformly switch between a transparent state (∼80% transmission) and a color-neutral opaque state (<5% transmission) in less than 3 min. These devices switch at least 5,500 times without degradation of optical contrast, switching speed, or uniformity. Taken together, these results indicate that dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition are a promising alternative to those using traditional electrochromic materials.

动态窗口可在施加电压后在透明状态和不透明状态之间切换，可用于建筑物，汽车和可切换太阳镜。在这里，我们基于铜和第二种金属在Pt纳米粒子修饰的透明铟锡氧化物电极上的可逆电沉积来描述动态窗口。三电极循环伏安法实验表明，该系统具有很高的库仑效率（99.9％），表明金属电沉积和剥离过程是可逆的。两电极25-cm ²在不到3分钟的时间内，没有汇流条的窗户在透明状态（〜80％透射率）和中性不透明状态（<5％透射率）之间均匀切换。这些设备切换至少5500次，而不会降低光学对比度，切换速度或均匀性。综上所述，这些结果表明，基于可逆金属电沉积的动态窗口是使用传统电致变色材料的动态窗口的有前途的替代方案。