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3-D vertically aligned few layer graphene – partially reduced graphene oxide/sulfur electrodes for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-13 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7se00195a
D. P. Singh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , N. Soin 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , S. Sharma 9, 11, 12, 13 , S. Basak 2, 3, 14 , S. Sachdeva 1, 2, 3 , S. S. Roy 15, 16, 17, 18 , H. W. Zanderbergen 2, 3, 14 , J. A. McLaughlin 9, 10, 19 , M. Huijben 3, 4, 5, 20 , M. Wagemaker 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

3-D vertically aligned few-layered graphene (FLGs) nanoflakes synthesised using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition are melt-impregnated with partially reduced graphene oxide-sulfur (PrGO-S) nanocomposites for use in lithium–sulfur batteries. The aligned structure and the presence of interconnected micro voids/channels in the 3-D FLG/PrGO-S electrodes serves as template not only for the high sulfur loading (up to 80 wt%, areal loading of 1.2 mg cm−2) but also compensates for the volume changes occurring during charge–discharge cycles. The inter-connectivity of the electrode system further facilitates fast electronic and ionic transport pathways. Consequently, the binder-free 3-D FLG/PrGO-S electrodes display a high first-cycle capacity (1320 mA h g−1 at C/20), along with excellent rate capability of ∼830 mA h g−1 and 700 mA h g−1 at 2C and 5C rates, respectively. The residual functional groups of PrGO (–OH, –C–O–C– and –COOH) facilitate fast and reversible capture of Li+ ions while confining the polysulfide shuttles, thus, contributing to excellent cycling capability and retention capacity. The 3D electrodes demonstrate excellent capacity retention of ∼80% (1040 mA h g−1 at C/10) over 350 charge–discharge cycles. Comparatively, the 2-D planar PrGO-S electrodes displayed poor electronic conductivity and can only provide 560 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles, thereby further highlighting the vital role of the electrode morphology in improving the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.

中文翻译:

3-D垂直排列的少层石墨烯–用于高性能锂硫电池的部分还原的氧化石墨烯/硫电极

使用微波等离子体增强化学气相沉积法合成的3-D垂直排列的几层石墨烯(FLG)纳米片用部分还原的氧化石墨烯-硫(PrGO-S)纳米复合材料熔融浸渍,用于锂硫电池。3-D FLG / PrGO-S电极中对齐的结构以及互连的微空隙/通道的存在,不仅用作高硫负载(高达80 wt%,面积负载为1.2 mg cm -2)的模板,而且还用作模板还可以补偿充放电循环期间发生的体积变化。电极系统的相互连接性进一步促进了快速的电子和离子传输路径。因此,无粘合剂的3-D FLG / PrGO-S电极显示出较高的第一循环容量(1320 mA hg -1在C / 20时),以及在2C和5C速率下分别具有约830 mA hg -1和700 mA hg -1的出色速率能力。PrGO的残留官能团(-OH,-C-OC-C-和-COOH)有助于快速和可逆地捕获Li +离子,同时限制了多硫化合物的穿梭,因此,具有出色的循环能力和保留能力。3D电极在350个充放电循环中表现出出色的容量保持率,约为80%(在C / 10下为1040 mA hg -1)。相比之下,二维平面PrGO-S电极显示出较差的电子电导率,只能提供560 mA hg -1 经过150次循环后,进一步突出了电极形态在改善Li-S电池电化学性能中的重要作用。
更新日期:2017-08-23
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