3-D vertically aligned few layer graphene – partially reduced graphene oxide/sulfur electrodes for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries,Sustainable Energy & Fuels

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3-D vertically aligned few layer graphene – partially reduced graphene oxide/sulfur electrodes for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-13 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7se00195a
D. P. Singh _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , N. Soin _{6,

7,

8,

9,

10} , S. Sharma _{9,

11,

12,

13} , S. Basak _{2,

3,

14} , S. Sachdeva _{1,

2,

3} , S. S. Roy _{15,

16,

17,

18} , H. W. Zanderbergen _{2,

3,

14} , J. A. McLaughlin _{9,

10,

19} , M. Huijben _{3,

4,

5,

20} , M. Wagemaker _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

Faculty of Applied Science
Delft University of Technology
The Netherlands
MESA+
University of Twente
Institute for Materials Research and Innovation (IMRI)
University of Bolton
Bolton BL3 5AB
UK
Nanotechnology and Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC)
School of Biosciences
University of Birmingham
Birmingham B15 2TT
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience
Department of Physics
School of Natural Sciences
Shiv Nadar University
India
University of Ulster
Enschede

3-D vertically aligned few-layered graphene (FLGs) nanoflakes synthesised using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition are melt-impregnated with partially reduced graphene oxide-sulfur (PrGO-S) nanocomposites for use in lithium–sulfur batteries. The aligned structure and the presence of interconnected micro voids/channels in the 3-D FLG/PrGO-S electrodes serves as template not only for the high sulfur loading (up to 80 wt%, areal loading of 1.2 mg cm⁻²) but also compensates for the volume changes occurring during charge–discharge cycles. The inter-connectivity of the electrode system further facilitates fast electronic and ionic transport pathways. Consequently, the binder-free 3-D FLG/PrGO-S electrodes display a high first-cycle capacity (1320 mA h g⁻¹ at C/20), along with excellent rate capability of ∼830 mA h g⁻¹ and 700 mA h g⁻¹ at 2C and 5C rates, respectively. The residual functional groups of PrGO (–OH, –C–O–C– and –COOH) facilitate fast and reversible capture of Li⁺ ions while confining the polysulfide shuttles, thus, contributing to excellent cycling capability and retention capacity. The 3D electrodes demonstrate excellent capacity retention of ∼80% (1040 mA h g⁻¹ at C/10) over 350 charge–discharge cycles. Comparatively, the 2-D planar PrGO-S electrodes displayed poor electronic conductivity and can only provide 560 mA h g⁻¹ after 150 cycles, thereby further highlighting the vital role of the electrode morphology in improving the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.

中文翻译：

3-D垂直排列的少层石墨烯–用于高性能锂硫电池的部分还原的氧化石墨烯/硫电极

使用微波等离子体增强化学气相沉积法合成的3-D垂直排列的几层石墨烯（FLG）纳米片用部分还原的氧化石墨烯-硫（PrGO-S）纳米复合材料熔融浸渍，用于锂硫电池。3-D FLG / PrGO-S电极中对齐的结构以及互连的微空隙/通道的存在，不仅用作高硫负载（高达80 wt％，面积负载为1.2 mg cm ^-2）的模板，而且还用作模板还可以补偿充放电循环期间发生的体积变化。电极系统的相互连接性进一步促进了快速的电子和离子传输路径。因此，无粘合剂的3-D FLG / PrGO-S电极显示出较高的第一循环容量（1320 mA hg ^-1在C / 20时），以及在2C和5C速率下分别具有约830 mA hg ^-1和700 mA hg ^-1的出色速率能力。PrGO的残留官能团（-OH，-C-OC-C-和-COOH）有助于快速和可逆地捕获Li ⁺离子，同时限制了多硫化合物的穿梭，因此，具有出色的循环能力和保留能力。3D电极在350个充放电循环中表现出出色的容量保持率，约为80％（在C / 10下为1040 mA hg ^-1）。相比之下，二维平面PrGO-S电极显示出较差的电子电导率，只能提供560 mA hg ^-1 经过150次循环后，进一步突出了电极形态在改善Li-S电池电化学性能中的重要作用。

更新日期：2017-08-23

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