As one of the most desired alternatives for supercapacitor electrodes, three-dimensional graphene-based materials have attracted massive attention. However, they are still far from meeting the requirements for feasible and promising applications due to their low accessible surface area, poor electrical conductivity, unavailable interconnected self-supported frameworks, and complicated fabrication process. Herein, we originally and rapidly fabricated self-supported three-dimensional bubble-like graphene frameworks via the simpler and greener photopolymerization, which can be completed in a few seconds. The obtained graphene frameworks feature interconnected bubble networks composed of few-layered graphitic membranes, which are spatially and mutually supported. Besides, the simultaneously achieved huge available surface area, excellent conductivity, and superior wettability of the graphene frameworks can ensure sufficient active sites and promote efficient ion transportation, which can synergistically result in superior electrochemical performance when used as an electrode for supercapacitors. The resultant graphene-based supercapacitors exhibit a high gravimetric capacitance of 277 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, a remarkable rate-capability maintained at a level of 85% even at 50 A g⁻¹ and superior cycling stability with 94% capacitance retention and ∼100% coulombic efficiency after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. A soft package symmetrical supercapacitor is also successfully assembled to power light-emitting diodes to demonstrate the promising application of the graphene frameworks. Therefore, the self-supported graphene bubble-networks overcome the defects of currently available graphene products and open avenues for fabricating high-performance, low-cost, high-quality graphene-based electrodes useful for supercapacitors.

中文翻译：

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快速合成自支撑的三维气泡状石墨烯骨架，作为超级电容器的高性能电极†

作为超级电容器电极的最理想替代品之一，三维石墨烯基材料引起了广泛的关注。然而，由于它们的可及表面积低，导电性差，互连的自支撑框架不可用以及制造工艺复杂，它们仍不能满足可行和有希望的应用的要求。在此，我们原本并迅速制造自我支持三维气泡状石墨烯的框架通过更简单，更绿色的光聚合反应，只需几秒钟即可完成。所获得的石墨烯骨架具有互连的气泡网络，该气泡网络由在空间上相互支撑的几层石墨膜组成。此外，同时获得的巨大可用表面积，优异的电导率和优异的石墨烯骨架润湿性可以确保足够的活性位点并促进有效的离子传输，当用作超级电容器的电极时，可以协同产生出色的电化学性能。所得石墨烯基超级电容器在1 A g ^-1时显示出277 F g ^-1的高重量电容，即使在50 A g ^-1时，其显着的倍率能力也保持在85％的水平在5 A g ^-1下进行1万次循环后，具有94％的电容保持率和〜100％的库仑效率，以及出色的循环稳定性。软包装对称超级电容器也已成功组装以为发光二极管供电，以展示石墨烯框架的有前途的应用。因此，自支撑的石墨烯气泡网络克服了目前可用的石墨烯产品的缺陷，为制造用于超级电容器的高性能，低成本，高质量的石墨烯基电极开辟了道路。