MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) play multiple crucial regulating roles in cell which can regulate one third of protein-coding genes. MiRNAs participate in the developmental and physiological processes of human body, while their aberrant adjustment will be more likely to trigger diseases such as cancers, kidney disease, central nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, viral infections and so on. What's worse, for the detection of miRNAs, their small size, high sequence similarity, low abundance and difficult extraction from cells impose great challenges in the analysis. Hence, it's necessary to fabricate accurate and sensitive biosensing platform for miRNAs detection. Up to now, researchers have developed many signal-amplification strategies for miRNAs detection, including hybridization chain reaction, nuclease amplification, rolling circle amplification, catalyzed hairpin assembly amplification and nanomaterials based amplification. These methods are typical, feasible and frequently used. In this review, we retrospect recent advances in signal amplification strategies for detecting miRNAs and point out the pros and cons of them. Furthermore, further prospects and promising developments of the signal-amplification strategies for detecting miRNAs are proposed.

微小RNA（MiRNA）在细胞中起着多种关键的调节作用，可以调节三分之一的蛋白质编码基因。MiRNA参与人体的发育和生理过程，而其异常的调节将更有可能引发诸如癌症，肾脏疾病，中枢神经系统疾病，心血管疾病，糖尿病，病毒感染等疾病。更糟糕的是，对于miRNA的检测，它们的小尺寸，高序列相似性，低丰度以及难以从细胞中提取，给分析带来了巨大挑战。因此，有必要为miRNA的检测制造准确，灵敏的生物传感平台。到目前为止，研究人员已经开发出许多用于miRNA检测的信号扩增策略，包括杂交链反应，核酸酶扩增，滚环扩增，催化发夹装配扩增和基于纳米材料的扩增。这些方法是典型的，可行的并且经常使用。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了用于检测miRNA的信号放大策略的最新进展，并指出了它们的优缺点。此外，提出了用于检测miRNA的信号放大策略的进一步的前景和有希望的发展。