Abstract Polymer capsules, fabricated either with the aid of a sacrificial template or via the self-assembly of block copolymers into polymer vesicles (polymersomes), have attracted a great deal of attention for their potential use as micro-/nanoreactors and artificial organelles for therapeutic applications. Compared to other biomedical applications of polymer capsules, such as drug delivery vehicles, where the polymer shell undergoes irreversible disruption/rupture that allows the release of the payload, the polymer shell in polymer micro-/nanoreactors has to maintain mechanical integrity while allowing the selective diffusion of reagents/reaction products. In the present review, strategies that permit precise control of the permeability of the polymer shell while preserving its architecture are documented and critiqued. Together with these strategies, specific examples where these polymer capsules have been employed as micro-/nanoreactors as well as approaches to scale-up and optimize these systems along with future perspectives for therapeutic applications in several degenerative diseases are elucidated.

中文翻译：

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聚合物胶囊作为治疗应用的微/纳米反应器：控制膜渗透性的当前策略

摘要 借助牺牲模板或通过嵌段共聚物自组装成聚合物囊泡（聚合物囊泡）的聚合物胶囊因其作为微/纳米反应器和用于治疗的人工细胞器的潜在用途而备受关注。应用程序。与聚合物胶囊的其他生物医学应用（例如药物递送载体）相比，聚合物外壳会经历不可逆的破坏/破裂，从而允许有效载荷释放，聚合物微/纳米反应器中的聚合物外壳必须保持机械完整性，同时允许选择性试剂/反应产物的扩散。在本综述中，记录和批评了允许精确控制聚合物壳渗透性同时保留其结构的策略。