Natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) have been widely used as a support for the adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). However, poor mechanical behavior and unpredictable biodegradation properties of natural ECMs considerably limit their potential for bioapplications and raise the need for different, synthetic scaffolds. Hydrogels are regarded as the most promising alternative materials as a consequence of their excellent swelling properties and their resemblance to soft tissues. A variety of strategies have been applied to create synthetic biomimetic hydrogels, and their biophysical and biochemical properties have been modulated to be suitable for cell differentiation. In this review, we first give an overview of common methods for hydrogel preparation with a focus on those strategies that provide potential advantages for ADSC encapsulation, before summarizing the physical properties of hydrogel scaffolds that can act as biological cues. Finally, the challenges in the preparation and application of hydrogels with ADSCs are explored and the perspectives are proposed for the next generation of scaffolds.

中文翻译：

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水凝胶支架用于分化脂肪干细胞

天然细胞外基质（ECM）已被广泛用作脂肪干细胞（ADSC）的粘附，迁移，分化和增殖的支持。然而，天然ECM的差的机械行为和不可预测的生物降解特性极大地限制了它们在生物应用中的潜力，并增加了对不同的合成支架的需求。水凝胶因其出色的溶胀特性和与软组织的相似性而被认为是最有前途的替代材料。已经应用了多种策略来创建合成的仿生水凝胶，并且已经对其生物物理和生化特性进行了调整以适合于细胞分化。在这篇评论中，在总结可充当生物学线索的水凝胶支架的物理性质之前，我们首先概述制备水凝胶的常用方法，重点是那些为ADSC封装提供潜在优势的策略。最后，探讨了ADSCs在水凝胶的制备和应用中所面临的挑战，并为下一代支架提出了前景。