Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are considered as one of the most promising materials in structural applications owing to their excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. However, C/C composites are susceptible to high-temperature oxidation. Matrix modification and coating technology with ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have proved to be highly effective to improve the oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites. In this paper, recent advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites were firstly reviewed, with attention to oxidation and ablation properties of C/C composites coated or modified with UHTCs. Then, several new methods in improving oxidation and ablation resistance were discussed, such as by using nanostructures to toughen UHTCs coatings or carbon matrix and the combination of matrix modification and coating technology. In addition, relevant ablation tests with scaled models were also briefly introduced. Finally, some open problems and future challenges were highlighted in the development and application of these materials.

碳/碳（C / C）复合材料由于其在高温下的优异机械性能而被认为是结构应用中最有前途的材料之一。但是，C / C复合材料容易受到高温氧化。事实证明，采用超高温陶瓷（UHTC）进行基体改性和涂覆技术可有效提高C / C复合材料的抗氧化性和抗烧蚀性。本文首先综述了C / C复合材料在抗氧化和抗烧蚀方面的最新进展，并关注了涂覆或改性UHTC的C / C复合材料的抗氧化和抗烧蚀性能。然后，讨论了几种提高抗氧化性和抗烧蚀性的新方法，例如通过使用纳米结构来增韧UHTCs涂层或碳基体，以及将基体改性和涂层技术相结合。此外，还简要介绍了具有比例模型的相关消融测试。最后，在这些材料的开发和应用中突出了一些未解决的问题和未来的挑战。