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Indirect photodegradation of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide†
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-22 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7em00208d Megan B. McConville 1, 2, 3, 4 , Stephen P. Mezyk 4, 5, 6, 7 , Christina K. Remucal 1, 2, 3, 4, 8
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-22 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7em00208d Megan B. McConville 1, 2, 3, 4 , Stephen P. Mezyk 4, 5, 6, 7 , Christina K. Remucal 1, 2, 3, 4, 8
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3-Trifluromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) are lampricides used in tributaries of the Great Lakes to kill the invasive parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Although the lampricides have been applied since the late 1950s, their photochemical behavior in natural environments is still not well understood. This study examines the indirect photodegradation of these two compounds and the resulting yields of organic and inorganic photoproducts in water samples collected from five tributaries of Lake Michigan. The tributaries were selected to span the length of Lake Michigan and its natural carbonate geologic gradient. In the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the niclosamide photodegradation rate triples, while the rate of TFM photodegradation is unchanged. Additionally, the yield of lampricide organic products is influenced by DOM because many of the organic photoproducts themselves are prone to DOM-mediated indirect photodegradation. The indirect photodegradation of niclosamide is primarily mediated by reaction with singlet oxygen, which accounts for more than 50% of the increased photodegradation rate. Additionally, hydroxyl radicals and carbonate radicals (CO3−˙) influence niclosamide indirect photolysis, and their contribution is dependent on the specific river water chemistry. For example, CO3−˙ contribution to niclosamide photodegradation, while small, is greater in southern tributaries where there is higher carbonate alkalinity.
中文翻译：
间接杀菌剂TFM和niclosamide †
3-Trifluromethyl-4-nitrophenol（TFM）和2'，5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide（niclosamide）是五大湖支流中用来杀死入侵性寄生七lamp菜（Petromyzon marinus）的灯杀植物）。尽管自从1950年代末以来就开始使用这种杀菌剂，但是它们在自然环境中的光化学行为仍然没有得到很好的了解。这项研究检查了这两种化合物的间接光降解以及从密歇根湖五个支流收集的水样中有机和无机光产物的产量。选择的支流跨越了密歇根湖的长度及其天然碳酸盐地质梯度。在存在溶解有机物（DOM）的情况下，烟酰胺的光降解速率增加了两倍，而TFM的光降解速率却保持不变。另外，由于许多有机光产品本身很容易受到DOM介导的间接光降解，因此DOM影响了杀菌剂有机产品的产量。烟酰胺的间接光降解主要是通过与单线态氧反应介导的，单线态氧占增加的光降解速率的50％以上。此外，羟基自由基和碳酸根自由基（CO3 - ˙）氯硝柳胺的影响间接光，他们的贡献是依赖于特定的河水化学。例如，在碳酸盐碱度较高的南部支流中，CO 3 − to对烟酰胺光降解的贡献较小，但更大。
更新日期：2017-06-22
中文翻译：
间接杀菌剂TFM和niclosamide †
3-Trifluromethyl-4-nitrophenol（TFM）和2'，5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide（niclosamide）是五大湖支流中用来杀死入侵性寄生七lamp菜（Petromyzon marinus）的灯杀植物）。尽管自从1950年代末以来就开始使用这种杀菌剂，但是它们在自然环境中的光化学行为仍然没有得到很好的了解。这项研究检查了这两种化合物的间接光降解以及从密歇根湖五个支流收集的水样中有机和无机光产物的产量。选择的支流跨越了密歇根湖的长度及其天然碳酸盐地质梯度。在存在溶解有机物（DOM）的情况下，烟酰胺的光降解速率增加了两倍，而TFM的光降解速率却保持不变。另外，由于许多有机光产品本身很容易受到DOM介导的间接光降解，因此DOM影响了杀菌剂有机产品的产量。烟酰胺的间接光降解主要是通过与单线态氧反应介导的，单线态氧占增加的光降解速率的50％以上。此外，羟基自由基和碳酸根自由基（CO3 - ˙）氯硝柳胺的影响间接光，他们的贡献是依赖于特定的河水化学。例如，在碳酸盐碱度较高的南部支流中，CO 3 − to对烟酰胺光降解的贡献较小，但更大。
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