To form protrusions like neurites, cells must coordinate their induction and growth. The first requires cytoskeletal rearrangements at the plasma membrane (PM), the second requires directed material delivery from cell's insides. We find that the Gαo-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins localizes dually to PM and Golgi across phyla and cell types. The PM pool of Gαo induces, and the Golgi pool feeds, the growing protrusions by stimulated trafficking. Golgi-residing KDELR binds and activates monomeric Gαo, atypically for G protein-coupled receptors that normally act on heterotrimeric G proteins. Through multidimensional screenings identifying > 250 Gαo interactors, we pinpoint several basic cellular activities, including vesicular trafficking, as being regulated by Gαo. We further find small Golgi-residing GTPases Rab1 and Rab3 as direct effectors of Gαo. This KDELR → Gαo → Rab1/3 signaling axis is conserved from insects to mammals and controls material delivery from Golgi to PM in various cells and tissues.

中文翻译：

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居住在高尔基体的Gαo促进了突出的膜动力学。

为了形成类似神经突的突起，细胞必须协调其诱导和生长。第一个需要在质膜（PM）处进行细胞骨架重排，第二个需要从细胞内部进行定向物质输送。我们发现异三聚体G蛋白的Gαo亚基跨门类和细胞类型双重定位到PM和高尔基体。Gαo的PM池通过刺激的贩运而诱导生长的突起，而高尔基池则以其为食。驻留在高尔基体的KDELR结合并激活单体Gαo，非典型地作用于通常作用于异源三聚体G蛋白的G蛋白偶联受体。通过多维筛选确定> 250个Gαo相互作用因子，我们确定了几种基本的细胞活动，包括受Gαo调节的水泡运输。我们进一步发现，驻留在高尔基体中的小GTPases Rab1和Rab3是Gαo的直接效应子。该KDELR→Gαo→Rab1 / 3信号转导轴从昆虫到哺乳动物都是保守的，并控制着高尔基体向各种细胞和组织中PM的物质输送。