Until recently, immune responses in filovirus survivors remained poorly understood. Early studies revealed IgM and IgG responses to infection with various filoviruses, but recent outbreaks have greatly expanded our understanding of filovirus immune responses. Immune responses in survivors of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) infections have provided the most insight, with T cell responses as well as detailed antibody responses having been characterized. Immune responses to Marburg virus (MARV), however, remain almost entirely uncharacterized. We report that immune responses in MARV survivors share characteristics with EBOV and SUDV infections but have some distinct differences. MARV survivors developed multivariate CD4⁺ T cell responses but limited CD8⁺ T cell responses, more in keeping with SUDV survivors than EBOV survivors. In stark contrast to SUDV survivors, rare neutralizing antibody responses in MARV survivors diminished rapidly after the outbreak. These results warrant serious consideration for any vaccine or therapeutic that seeks to be broadly protective, as different filoviruses may require different immune responses to achieve immunity.

直到最近，丝状病毒幸存者的免疫反应仍知之甚少。早期研究表明，IgM和IgG对各种丝状病毒感染的反应，但是最近的爆发极大地扩展了我们对丝状病毒免疫反应的理解。埃博拉病毒（EBOV）和苏丹病毒（SUDV）感染幸存者中的免疫反应提供了最深刻的见解，并已鉴定出T细胞反应以及详细的抗体反应。然而，对马尔堡病毒（MARV）的免疫反应仍几乎没有特征。我们报道MARV幸存者的免疫反应与EBOV和SUDV感染共享特征，但有一些明显的差异。MARV幸存者发展出多变量CD4 ⁺ T细胞反应，但CD8 ⁺有限T细胞反应，与EBOV幸存者相比，更适合SUDV幸存者。与SUDV幸存者形成鲜明对比的是，暴发后MARV幸存者中罕见的中和抗体反应迅速减少。这些结果值得认真考虑任何寻求广泛保护的疫苗或治疗方法，因为不同的丝状病毒可能需要不同的免疫应答才能获得免疫力。