Abstract Biofuels from biomass gasification are reviewed here, and demonstrated to be an attractive option. Recent progress in gasification techniques and key generation pathways for biofuels production, process design and integration and socio-environmental impacts of biofuel generation are discussed, with the goal of investigating gasification-to-biofuels’ credentials as a sustainable and eco-friendly technology. The synthesis of important biofuels such as bio-methanol, bio-ethanol and higher alcohols, bio-dimethyl ether, Fischer Tropsch fuels, bio-methane, bio-hydrogen and algae-based fuels is reviewed, together with recent technologies, catalysts and reactors. Significant thermodynamic studies for each biofuel are also examined. Syngas cleaning is demonstrated to be a critical issue for biofuel production, and innovative pathways such as those employed by Choren Industrietechnik, Germany, and BioMCN, the Netherlands, are shown to allow efficient methanol generation. The conversion of syngas to FT transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel over Co or Fe catalysts is reviewed and demonstrated to be a promising option for the future of biofuels. Bio-methane has emerged as a lucrative alternative for conventional transportation fuel with all the advantages of natural gas including a dense distribution, trade and supply network. Routes to produce H 2 are discussed, though critical issues such as storage, expensive production routes with low efficiencies remain. Algae-based fuels are in the research and development stage, but are shown to have immense potential to become commercially important because of their capability to fix large amounts of CO 2 , to rapidly grow in many environments and versatile end uses. However, suitable process configurations resulting in optimal plant designs are crucial, so detailed process integration is a powerful tool to optimize current and develop new processes. LCA and ethical issues are also discussed in brief. It is clear that the use of food crops, as opposed to food wastes represents an area fraught with challenges, which must be resolved on a case by case basis.

中文翻译：

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气化生产生物燃料的进展

摘要 这里回顾了来自生物质气化的生物燃料，并证明是一种有吸引力的选择。讨论了气化技术和生物燃料生产的关键生产途径的最新进展、工艺设计和集成以及生物燃料生产的社会环境影响，目的是研究气化生物燃料作为一种可持续和环保技术的资格。综述了重要生物燃料的合成，如生物甲醇、生物乙醇和高级醇、生物二甲醚、费托燃料、生物甲烷、生物氢和藻类燃料，以及最新技术、催化剂和反应器. 还检查了每种生物燃料的重要热力学研究。合成气清洁被证明是生物燃料生产的关键问题，创新途径，例如德国 Choren Industrietechnik 和荷兰 BioMCN 所采用的途径，已被证明可以有效地产生甲醇。通过 Co 或 Fe 催化剂将合成气转化为 FT 运输燃料（如汽油和柴油）被审查并证明是未来生物燃料的一个有前途的选择。生物甲烷已成为传统运输燃料的一种有利可图的替代品，它具有天然气的所有优点，包括密集的分销、贸易和供应网络。讨论了生产 H 2 的途径，但诸如储存、昂贵且效率低的生产途径等关键问题仍然存在。藻类燃料处于研发阶段，但由于它们具有固定大量 CO 2 的能力、在许多环境中快速生长和多种最终用途的能力，因此显示出具有成为商业重要性的巨大潜力。然而，导致最佳工厂设计的合适工艺配置至关重要，因此详细的工艺集成是优化当前工艺和开发新工艺的有力工具。还简要讨论了 LCA 和伦理问题。显然，使用粮食作物而不是食物垃圾代表了一个充满挑战的领域，必须逐案解决。还简要讨论了 LCA 和伦理问题。显然，使用粮食作物而不是食物垃圾代表了一个充满挑战的领域，必须逐案解决。还简要讨论了 LCA 和伦理问题。显然，使用粮食作物而不是食物垃圾代表了一个充满挑战的领域，必须逐案解决。