The introduction of controlled self‐assembly into living organisms opens up desired biomedical applications in wide areas including bioimaging/assays, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Besides the enzyme‐activated examples reported before, controlled self‐assembly under integrated stimuli, especially in the form of sequential input, is unprecedented and ultimately challenging. This study reports a programmable self‐assembling strategy in living cells under sequentially integrated control of both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Fluorescent polymerized vesicles are constructed by using cholinesterase conversion followed by photopolymerization and thermochromism. Furthermore, as a proof‐of‐principle application, the cell apoptosis involved in the overexpression of cholinesterase in virtue of the generated fluorescence is monitored, showing potential in screening apoptosis‐inducing drugs. The approach exhibits multiple advantages for bioimaging in living cells, including specificity to cholinesterase, red emission, wash free, high signal‐to‐noise ratio.

中文翻译：

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用于监测细胞凋亡的荧光聚合囊泡的顺序编程和细胞选择性组装

将受控自组装引入生物体，在生物成像/分析、药物输送和组织工程等广泛领域开辟了所需的生物医学应用。除了之前报道的酶激活的例子之外，在综合刺激下的受控自组装，尤其是以顺序输入的形式，是前所未有的，并且最终具有挑战性。这项研究报告了在内源性和外源性刺激的顺序集成控制下活细胞中的可编程自组装策略。通过使用胆碱酯酶转化、然后进行光聚合和热致变色来构建荧光聚合囊泡。此外，作为原理验证应用，利用产生的荧光监测胆碱酯酶过度表达所涉及的细胞凋亡，显示出筛选诱导细胞凋亡药物的潜力。该方法在活细胞生物成像方面表现出多种优势，包括胆碱酯酶特异性、红光发射、免清洗、高信噪比。