The comparison of the immunological state of pregnancy to an immunosuppressed host–graft model continues to lead research and clinical practice to ill-defined approaches. This Review discusses recent evidence that supports the idea that immunological responses at the receptive maternal–fetal interface are not simply suppressed but are instead highly dynamic. We discuss the crucial role of trophoblast cells in shaping not only the way in which immune cells respond to the invading blastocyst but also how they collectively react to external stimuli. We also discuss the role of the microbiota in promoting a tolerogenic maternal immune system and highlight how subclinical viral infections can disrupt this status quo, leading to pregnancy complications.

妊娠的免疫状态与免疫抑制的宿主移植模型的比较继续将研究和临床实践引向不明确的方法。这篇综述讨论了最近的证据，这些证据支持这样的观点，即母婴界面的免疫反应不仅仅被抑制，而是高度动态的。我们讨论了滋养层细胞不仅在塑造免疫细胞对入侵的胚泡作出反应的方式方面，而且在它们如何共同对外部刺激做出反应方面起着至关重要的作用。我们还讨论了微生物群在促进耐受性孕产妇免疫系统中的作用，并强调了亚临床病毒感染如何破坏这种现状，从而导致妊娠并发症。