The mycotoxin, PAT (4-hydroxy-4H-furo [3, 2c] pyran-2[6H]-one), is a secondary metabolic product of molds such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys species. PAT is common contaminant of fruit and vegetable based products, most notably apples. Despite PAT's original discovery as an antibiotic, it has come under heavy scrutiny for its potential to impart negative health effects. Studies investigating these health effects have proved its toxic potential. Its occurrence in food commodities posed a serious threat and necessitates upon the novel and cost-effective mitigation methods to control and remove from foods products. It also creates demand to improve handling and food processing techniques. With this being the case, several studies has been devoted to understanding the key biological and chemical attributes of PAT. While past research has elucidated a great deal, PAT contamination continues to be a challenge for the food industry. Here, we review the emphasis upon its influence within the mammalian system, including its regulation, incidence experimental evidences of PAT toxicity, interaction with intracellular components, and effect of PAT induced systemic toxicity on vital organs Finally, key areas where future PAT research should focus to best control the PAT contamination problem within the food industry has been addressed.

中文翻译：

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棒曲霉素霉菌毒素对哺乳动物系统的毒理作用：概述

霉菌毒素PAT（4-羟基-4H-呋喃[3，2c]吡喃-2 [6H] -one）是霉菌（如青霉菌，曲霉和比目鱼）的次生代谢产物。PAT是水果和蔬菜类产品（最主要是苹果）的常见污染物。尽管PAT最初是作为抗生素发现的，但由于其具有负面健康影响的潜力，因此受到了严格的审查。研究这些健康影响的研究证明了其潜在的毒性。其在食品中的存在构成了严重的威胁，因此有必要采用新颖且具有成本效益的缓解方法来控制和从食品中去除。它还产生了改善处理和食品加工技术的需求。在这种情况下，已经进行了一些研究来了解PAT的关键生物学和化学属性。尽管过去的研究已经阐明了很多，但PAT污染仍然是食品行业的挑战。在这里，我们回顾了其对哺乳动物系统的影响，包括其调控，PAT毒性的发生实验证据，与细胞内成分的相互作用以及PAT诱导的对全身重要器官的系统毒性的影响。最后，未来PAT研究应重点关注的关键领域解决食品行业中PAT污染问题的最佳方法已得到解决。