Real-time recording of the kinetics of systemically administered drugs in in vivo microenvironments may accelerate the development of effective medical therapies. However, conventional methods require considerable analyte quantities, have low sampling rates and do not address how drug kinetics correlate with target function over time. Here, we describe the development and application of a drug-sensing system consisting of a glass microelectrode and a microsensor composed of boron-doped diamond with a tip of around 40 μm in diameter. We show that, in the guinea pig cochlea, the system can measure—simultaneously and in real time—changes in the concentration of bumetanide (a diuretic that is ototoxic but applicable to epilepsy treatment) and the endocochlear potential underlying hearing. In the rat brain, we tracked the kinetics of the drug and the local field potentials representing neuronal activity. We also show that the actions of the antiepileptic drug lamotrigine and the anticancer reagent doxorubicin can be monitored in vivo. Our microsensing system offers the potential to detect pharmacological and physiological responses that might otherwise remain undetected.

体内微环境中全身给药药物动力学的实时记录可能会加速有效药物治疗的发展。但是，常规方法需要大量分析物，采样率低并且无法解决药物动力学随时间变化与目标功能的相关性。在这里，我们描述了一种药物感测系统的开发和应用，该系统由玻璃微电极和微传感器组成，该传感器由掺硼金刚石构成，其尖端直径约为40μm。我们显示，在豚鼠的耳蜗中，该系统可以同时实时地测量布美他尼（一种利尿剂，可用于癫痫治疗的利尿剂）的浓度以及潜在的听力内耳蜗的变化。在老鼠的大脑里 我们追踪了药物的动力学和代表神经元活动的局部场电位。我们还表明，可以在体内监测抗癫痫药拉莫三嗪和抗癌药阿霉素的作用。我们的微传感系统提供了检测药理和生理反应的潜力，而这些药理和生理反应在其他情况下可能仍未被发现。