A new model which comprehensively explains the working principles of contact-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on Maxwell's equations is presented. Unlike previous models which are restricted to known simple geometries and derived using the parallel plate capacitor model, this model is generic and can be modified to a wide range of geometries and surface topographies. We introduce the concept of a distance-dependent electric field, a factor not taken into account in previous models, to calculate the current, voltage, charge, and power output under different experimental conditions. The versatility of the model is demonstrated for non-planar geometry consisting of a convex–concave surface. The theoretical results show excellent agreement with experimental TENGs. Our model provides a complete understanding of the working principles of TENGs, and accurately predicts the output trends, which enables the design of more efficient TENG structures.

中文翻译：

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摩擦电纳米发电机：提供基本框架

提出了一种新模型，该模型基于麦克斯韦方程，全面解释了接触式摩擦电纳米发电机（TENGs）的工作原理。与以前的模型（仅限于已知的简单几何形状并使用平行板电容器模型导出）不同，该模型是通用模型，可以修改为各种几何形状和表面形貌。我们引入了与距离有关的电场的概念，该距离是先前模型中未考虑的因素，用于计算不同实验条件下的电流，电压，电荷和功率输出。该模型的多功能性适用于由凸凹表面组成的非平面几何形状。理论结果表明与实验性TENG具有极好的一致性。