Drug development requires physiologically more appropriate model systems and assays to increase understanding of drug action and pathological processes in individual humans. Specifically, patient-derived cells offer great opportunities as representative cellular model systems. Moreover, with novel label-free cellular assays, it is often possible to investigate complex biological processes in their native environment. Combining these two offers distinct opportunities for increasing physiological relevance. Here, we review impedance-based label-free technologies in the context of patient samples, focusing on commonly used cell types, including fibroblasts, blood components, and stem cells. Applications extend as far as tissue-on-a-chip models. Thus, applying label-free technologies to patient samples can produce highly biorelevant data and, with them, unique opportunities for drug development and precision medicine.

药物开发需要在生理上更合适的模型系统和测定法，以增进对单个人的药物作用和病理过程的了解。特别地，患者来源的细胞作为代表性的细胞模型系统提供了巨大的机会。此外，利用新颖的无标记细胞测定法，通常有可能在其天然环境中研究复杂的生物过程。将两者结合起来可提供增加生理相关性的独特机会。在这里，我们将在患者样本的背景下回顾基于阻抗的无标记技术，重点是常用的细胞类型，包括成纤维细胞，血液成分和干细胞。应用范围扩展到了片上组织模型。因此，将无标签技术应用于患者样品可以产生高度生物相关的数据，并且