The importance of vitamin A and its various forms and metabolites for the human body, as well as their methods of analysis, has often been described previously. The excretion of retinol into the urine has been observed in diseases accompanied with kidney damage such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and serious infections. This review summarizes all available information concerning the importance of the determination of retinol in urine. Analytical aspects such as sample collection, sample preparation, and analysis are discussed in detail, and the main emphasis is focused on the enormous potential of retinol as an early biomarker for the detection of renal failure.

中文翻译：

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尿视黄醇可以用作肾脏损害的新生物标志物吗？

维生素A及其各种形式和代谢产物对人体的重要性及其分析方法，以前经常被描述过。在伴有肾脏损害的疾病，例如糖尿病，癌症和严重感染中，已经观察到视黄醇向尿液中的排泄。这篇综述总结了所有有关尿液中视黄醇含量测定的重要性的可用信息。详细讨论了分析方面，例如样品收集，样品制备和分析，并且主要重点是视黄醇作为检测肾衰竭的早期生物标志物的巨大潜力。