Antibiotic contamination and abuse are universal phenomena, accordingly antibiotic resistance has emerged as a serious issue globally in recent years. To detect antibiotics and their residues in the environment, foods, drugs and biological samples, numerous analytical techniques have been developed. Among them, aptamer-based methods are considered to be highly sensitive and selective and have been applied to the detection of various antibiotics in different samples. We present a systematical and critical review on the antibiotic-specific aptamers and their application in detection of antibiotics in different matrices, focusing on the recent advances in optical and electrochemical aptasensors, aptamer-affinity based sample purification, as well as the promising label-free and multiplex determination.

抗生素污染和滥用是普遍现象，因此近年来，抗生素耐药性已成为全球严重的问题。为了检测环境，食物，药物和生物样品中的抗生素及其残留物，已开发了许多分析技术。其中，基于适体的方法被认为具有高度的敏感性和选择性，已被用于检测不同样品中的各种抗生素。我们对抗生素特异性适体及其在不同基质中的抗生素检测中的应用进行系统和重要的综述，重点是光学和电化学适体传感器，基于适体亲和力的样品纯化以及有希望的无标记物的最新进展和多重确定。