Engineering gold-based radiosensitizers for cancer radiotherapy,Materials Horizons

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Engineering gold-based radiosensitizers for cancer radiotherapy
Materials Horizons ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-13 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7mh00451f
Nirmal Goswami _{1,

2,

3} , Zhentao Luo _{3,

4} , Xun Yuan _{5,

6,

7,

8} , David Tai Leong _{1,

2,

3} , Jianping Xie _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

Radiotherapy remains a major modality in cancer therapy. The main goal of radiotherapy is to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells by using high-energy radiation, such as X-rays and γ-rays. Despite the effectiveness of radiotherapy in treating cancer in many possible ways, harmful damage caused by such radiation to the surrounding healthy/normal cells is often unavoidable. Therefore, it would be desirable to strike the right balance between tumor eradication and minimizing the possible side effects. To address this challenge, a magic bullet is the “radiosensitizer”, which can make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation by increasing the local treatment efficiency using a relatively low and safe radiation dose. This review article focuses on the recent progress in the area of radiosensitizers, especially gold-based materials. It begins with the key factors associated with radio-biological interactions along with the possible biological effects upon irradiation and from which the idea of radiosensitizers is derived. The prospect of gold-based materials as radiosensitizers is summarized through the mechanistic elucidation of the interaction of radiation with gold. Following that, some of the key design strategies for generating ideal gold-based radiosensitizers are highlighted. Examples of gold-based materials derived from these strategies, such as gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters, and their applications in radiotherapy are presented and discussed. The final part of this review article focuses on the avenues for future research on engineering gold-based nanomaterials for cancer radiotherapy.

中文翻译：

用于癌症放射治疗的工程金基放射增敏剂

放射疗法仍然是癌症治疗的主要方式。放射疗法的主要目标是通过使用高能辐射（例如X射线和γ射线）缩小肿瘤并杀死癌细胞。尽管放射线疗法可以多种可能的方式治疗癌症，但这种放射线对周围健康/正常细胞的有害损害通常是不可避免的。因此，希望在消灭肿瘤和最小化可能的副作用之间达到正确的平衡。为了应对这一挑战，神奇的子弹是“放射致敏剂”，它可以通过使用相对较低和安全的放射剂量来提高局部治疗效率，从而使癌细胞对放射更加敏感。这篇评论文章重点介绍了放射增敏剂，尤其是金基材料领域的最新进展。它始于与放射生物相互作用相关的关键因素，以及对放射线可能产生的生物学影响，并由此衍生出放射增敏剂的概念。通过对辐射与金相互作用的机理的阐明，总结了金基材料作为放射增敏剂的前景。随后，重点介绍了一些用于生成理想的金基放射增敏剂的关键设计策略。提出并讨论了从这些策略中衍生出的金基材料的实例，例如金纳米颗粒和纳米团簇及其在放射治疗中的应用。这篇综述文章的最后一部分重点介绍了用于癌症放射疗法的工程金基纳米材料的未来研究途径。

更新日期：2017-08-03

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