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Impact of Childhood Malnutrition on Host Defense and Infection [Reviews]
Clinical Microbiology Reviews ( IF 36.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-02 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00119-16
Marwa K. Ibrahim 1 , Mara Zambruni 2, 3 , Christopher L. Melby 4 , Peter C. Melby 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
Affiliation  

The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.

中文翻译:

儿童营养不良对宿主防御和感染的影响[评论]

儿童营养不良对全球的影响是惊人的。营养不良和感染之间的协同作用大大促进了儿童期发病率和死亡率。营养不良的人体测量指标与许多病原体(包括病毒,细菌,原生动物和蠕虫)引起的感染风险和严重性增加有关。由于儿童期营养不良通常涉及蛋白质和卡路里的摄入不足,加上微量营养素缺乏症,因此通常无法确定导致宿主防御能力受损的原因。这篇综述着重于与宿主防御能力受损和儿童期营养不良的感染风险有关的文献。特别关注纵向和前瞻性队列人类研究以及针对因果关系的实验动物模型的研究 营养不良与宿主防御之间的机械关系。蛋白质和微量营养素缺乏会影响造血器官和淋巴器官,并损害先天和适应性免疫功能。肠道菌群营养不良相关的变化导致生长缓慢,炎症和免疫功能失调。尽管在理解营养不良-感染协同作用方面已取得实质性进展,但我们的理解仍存在重大差距。我们强调需要进行机制研究,以导致针对性的干预措施,以改善宿主防御能力并降低该弱势人群中传染病的发病率和死亡率。蛋白质和微量营养素缺乏会影响造血器官和淋巴器官,并损害先天和适应性免疫功能。肠道菌群营养不良相关的变化导致生长缓慢,炎症和免疫功能失调。尽管在理解营养不良-感染协同作用方面已取得实质性进展,但我们的理解仍存在重大差距。我们强调需要进行机械研究的机制,以导致针对性的干预措施,以改善宿主防御能力并降低该弱势人群中传染病的发病率和死亡率。蛋白质和微量营养素缺乏会影响造血器官和淋巴器官,并损害先天和适应性免疫功能。肠道菌群营养不良相关的变化导致生长缓慢,炎症和免疫功能失调。尽管在理解营养不良-感染协同作用方面已取得实质性进展,但我们的理解仍存在重大差距。我们强调需要进行机械研究的机制,以导致针对性的干预措施,以改善宿主防御能力并降低该弱势人群中传染病的发病率和死亡率。尽管在理解营养不良-感染协同作用方面已取得实质性进展,但我们的理解仍存在重大差距。我们强调需要进行机械研究的机制,以导致针对性的干预措施,以改善宿主防御能力并降低该弱势人群中传染病的发病率和死亡率。尽管在理解营养不良-感染协同作用方面已取得实质性进展,但我们的理解仍存在重大差距。我们强调需要进行机械研究的机制,以导致针对性的干预措施,以改善宿主防御能力并降低该弱势人群中传染病的发病率和死亡率。
更新日期:2017-08-02
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