Use of foodomics, mostly proteomic and genomic based methods, for study of allergens in food is presented. Immunological methods and nucleic acid-based methods are still most frequently used for diagnosis of allergies and for qualitative and quantitative determination of food allergens. They are sensitive, and can be used for the determination of allergens in trace concentrations. However, lack of specificity and cross-reaction of some antibodies can still be a relevant source of bias. The epitopes of protein allergens with posttranslational modifications and their changes originated during food processing cannot be traced by use of nucleic acid-based strategies. Recent developments of both antibody and nucleic acid-based biosensors, their miniaturization and increasing application of nanotechnology, significantly supported further use of both strategies. Regarding accuracy, reliability and sensitivity, mass spectrometry-based methods bring important advantage over both above presented strategies. Furthermore, the increasing use of mass spectrometry (MS) is discussed. Combined with proper sample preparation, liquid chromatography (LC) and/or different electrophoretic methods, targeted approach in mass spectrometry-based allergen analysis brings an additional strategic advance. However, MS is still rarely used for high-throughput analyses and detection and quantification of allergens for the reasons of price and relatively long time necessary for analysis. Recent developments of new high-resolution instruments are encouraging and enable development in the direction of a high-throughput strategy. Consequently, fast, very sensitive, reliable and accurate detection and quantification of allergens in highly complex samples such as food matrices, and the use of MS in routine determination of allergens can be reached in near future.

中文翻译：

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组学方法作为调查食物过敏的工具

提出了使用食品组学（主要是蛋白质组学和基于基因组学的方法）来研究食品中的过敏原。免疫学方法和基于核酸的方法仍然最常用于过敏的诊断以及食物过敏原的定性和定量测定。它们很敏感，可用于测定痕量浓度的过敏原。但是，某些抗体缺乏特异性和交叉反应仍可能是造成偏倚的重要原因。具有翻译后修饰的蛋白质过敏原的表位及其在食品加工过程中产生的变化无法通过使用基于核酸的策略来追踪。抗体和基于核酸的生物传感器的最新发展，它们的小型化和纳米技术的广泛应用，极大地支持了这两种策略的进一步使用。关于准确性，可靠性和灵敏性，基于质谱的方法相对于上述两种策略都具有重要的优势。此外，讨论了越来越多地使用质谱（MS）。结合适当的样品制备，液相色谱（LC）和/或不同的电泳方法，基于质谱的变应原分析中的靶向方法带来了额外的战略进展。但是，由于价格昂贵和分析所需的时间较长，MS仍很少用于高通量分析以及过敏原的检测和定量。新的高分辨率仪器的最新发展令人鼓舞，并能朝着高通量战略的方向发展。因此，快速，非常敏感，