Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii are two evolutionarily related intracellular pathogens that use the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system to translocate effectors into host cells. These effectors are essential for the establishment of membrane-bound compartments known as replication vacuoles, which enable the survival and replication of bacteria inside host cells. The effectors interfere with diverse signalling pathways to co-opt host processes, such as vesicle trafficking, ubiquitylation, gene expression and lipid metabolism, to promote pathogen survival. In this Review, we explore Dot/Icm effectors from L. pneumophila and C. burnetii as key virulence factors, and we examine the biochemical and cell biological functions of these effectors and their roles in our understanding of bacterial virulence.

中文翻译：

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军团菌和Coxiella效应子：多样性和活动强度

嗜肺军团菌和伯氏柯氏杆菌是两种进化相关的细胞内病原体，它们使用Dot / Icm IV型分泌系统将效应子转移到宿主细胞中。这些效应子对于建立称为复制液泡的膜结合区室至关重要，该区组使细菌能够在宿主细胞内存活和复制。效应子干扰多种信号途径以共同选择宿主过程，例如囊泡运输，泛素化，基因表达和脂质代谢，以促进病原体存活。在这篇综述中，我们探索了来自嗜肺乳杆菌和伯氏梭菌的Dot / Icm效应子。 作为关键的毒力因子，我们研究了这些效应子的生化和细胞生物学功能，以及它们在理解细菌毒力中的作用。