Abstract Transition metal phosphides (TMPs), as non-precious metal compounds, have attracted growing interest as heterogeneous electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. They have been studied as robust catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at a wide pH range. In particular, Fe, Co, Ni-based phosphides also showed high performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. This review focuses on the strategies developed for preparing TMPs with enhanced HER or OER performance. These strategies include tuning the stoichiometric ratio of metal and phosphorous, hetero-atom doping or alloying, forming nano-carbon/TMPs hybrids and engineering special structures by modifying surface wettability, forming hetero-structure interfaces and generating porous structures. In terms of elemental doping strategy, the reported performance of Fe, Co, Ni-based alloying phosphides as bifunctional catalysts for both HER and OER are also summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for TMPs in water splitting application are briefly discussed.

中文翻译：

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开发过渡金属磷化物作为水分解多相电催化剂的策略

摘要 过渡金属磷化物 (TMPs) 作为非贵金属化合物，作为用于整体水分解的多相电催化剂引起了越来越多的兴趣。它们已被研究为在宽 pH 值范围内用于析氢反应 (HER) 的稳健催化剂。特别是，Fe、Co、Ni 基磷化物在碱性溶液中也表现出高性能的析氧反应 (OER)。本综述侧重于为制备具有增强 HER 或 OER 性能的 TMP 开发的策略。这些策略包括调整金属和磷的化学计量比、杂原子掺杂或合金化、形成纳米碳/TMPs 杂化物以及通过改变表面润湿性、形成异质结构界面和生成多孔结构来设计特殊结构。在元素掺杂策略方面，还总结了 Fe、Co、Ni 基合金化磷化物作为 HER 和 OER 的双功能催化剂的报告性能。最后，简要讨论了 TMP 在水分解应用中的挑战和前景。