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Short-chain alkanes fuel mussel and sponge Cycloclasticus symbionts from deep-sea gas and oil seeps.
Nature Microbiology ( IF 20.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-Jun-19 , DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.93
Maxim Rubin-Blum , Chakkiath Paul Antony , Christian Borowski , Lizbeth Sayavedra , Thomas Pape , Heiko Sahling , Gerhard Bohrmann , Manuel Kleiner , Molly C. Redmond , David L. Valentine , Nicole Dubilier

Cycloclasticus bacteria are ubiquitous in oil-rich regions of the ocean and are known for their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, we describe Cycloclasticus that have established a symbiosis with Bathymodiolus heckerae mussels and poecilosclerid sponges from asphalt-rich, deep-sea oil seeps at Campeche Knolls in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that, in contrast to all previously known Cycloclasticus, the symbiotic Cycloclasticus appears to lack the genes needed for PAH degradation. Instead, these symbionts use propane and other short-chain alkanes such as ethane and butane as carbon and energy sources, thus expanding the limited range of substrates known to power chemosynthetic symbioses. Analyses of short-chain alkanes in the environment of the Campeche Knolls symbioses revealed that these are present at high concentrations (in the μM to mM range). Comparative genomic analyses revealed high similarities between the genes used by the symbiotic Cycloclasticus to degrade short-chain alkanes and those of free-living Cycloclasticus that bloomed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Our results indicate that the metabolic versatility of bacteria within the Cycloclasticus clade is higher than previously assumed, and highlight the expanded role of these keystone species in the degradation of marine hydrocarbons.

中文翻译:

短链烷烃从深海的天然气和石油渗入中为贻贝和海绵状突触共生体提供燃料。

Cycloclasticus细菌普遍存在于海洋中富含石油的地区,并以其降解多环芳烃(PAHs)的能力而闻名。在这项研究中,我们描述了由墨西哥南部南部坎佩切诺尔斯(Campeche Knolls)富含沥青的深海油渗漏中的希氏巴斯克贻贝和海绵状海绵形成的共生菌。基因组和转录组学分析表明,与所有先前已知的环破囊菌不同,共生的环破囊菌似乎缺乏PAH降解所需的基因。相反,这些共生体使用丙烷和其他短链烷烃(例如乙烷和丁烷)作为碳和能源,从而扩大了已知的可推动化学合成共生酶的底物范围。对Campeche Knolls共生酶环境中的短链烷烃的分析表明,这些短链烷烃的浓度很高(在μM至mM范围内)。比较的基因组分析显示,共生的环破损菌用于降解短链烷烃的基因与在深水地平线漏油期间开花的自由活动的环破损菌的基因之间具有高度相似性。我们的研究结果表明,Cycloclasticus进化枝内细菌的代谢多功能性高于以前的假设,并突出了这些关键物种在海洋碳氢化合物降解中的扩展作用。比较的基因组分析显示,共生的环破损菌用于降解短链烷烃的基因与在深水地平线漏油期间开花的自由活动的环破损菌的基因之间具有高度相似性。我们的研究结果表明,Cycloclasticus进化枝内细菌的代谢多功能性高于以前的假设,并突出了这些关键物种在海洋碳氢化合物降解中的扩展作用。比较的基因组分析显示,共生的环破损菌用于降解短链烷烃的基因与在深水地平线漏油期间开花的自由活动的环破损菌的基因之间具有高度相似性。我们的研究结果表明,Cycloclasticus进化枝内细菌的代谢多功能性高于以前的假设,并突出了这些关键物种在海洋碳氢化合物降解中的扩展作用。
更新日期:2017-06-20
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