Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide slit-shaped ion diffusion channels that enable fast movement of lithium and other ions. However, electronic conductivity, the number of intercalation sites, and stability during extended cycling are also crucial for building high-performance energy storage devices. While individual 2D materials, such as graphene, show some of the required properties, none of them can offer all properties needed to maximize energy density, power density, and cycle life. Here we argue that stacking different 2D materials into heterostructured architectures opens an opportunity to construct electrodes that would combine the advantages of the individual building blocks while eliminating the associated shortcomings. We discuss characteristics of common 2D materials and provide examples of 2D heterostructured electrodes that showed new phenomena leading to superior electrochemical performance. We also consider electrode fabrication approaches and finally outline future steps to create 2D heterostructured electrodes that could greatly expand current energy storage technologies.

二维（2D）材料提供了狭缝形的离子扩散通道，可实现锂和其他离子的快速移动。但是，电子传导性，插入位点的数量以及长时间循环中的稳定性对于构建高性能的能量存储设备也至关重要。尽管单独的2D材料（例如石墨烯）显示出某些所需的属性，但它们都不能提供最大化能量密度，功率密度和循环寿命所需的所有属性。在这里，我们认为将不同的2D材料堆叠到异质结构体系结构中将为构建电极提供机会，该电极将结合各个构件的优点，同时消除相关的缺点。我们讨论了常见2D材料的特性，并提供了2D异质结构电极的示例，这些电极显示出导致优异电化学性能的新现象。我们还考虑了电极制造方法，并最终概述了创建2D异质结构电极的未来步骤，该方法可以大大扩展当前的能量存储技术。