Internal gravity waves are a key process linking the large-scale mechanical forcing of the oceans to small-scale turbulence and mixing. In this review, we focus on internal waves generated by barotropic tidal flow over topography. We review progress made in the past decade toward understanding the different processes that can lead to turbulence during the generation, propagation, and reflection of internal waves and how these processes affect mixing. We consider different modeling strategies and new tools that have been developed. Simulation results, the wealth of observational material collected during large-scale experiments, and new laboratory data reveal how the cascade of energy from tidal flow to turbulence occurs through a host of nonlinear processes, including intensified boundary flows, wave breaking, wave-wave interactions, and the instability of high-mode internal wave beams. The roles of various nondimensional parameters involving the ocean state, roughness geometry, and tidal forcing are desc...

中文翻译：

---

从地形内部重力波到湍流

内部重力波是将海洋的大规模机械强迫与小规模湍流和混合联系起来的关键过程。在这篇综述中，我们关注由正压潮汐流在地形上产生的内波。我们回顾了过去十年在理解内波产生、传播和反射过程中可能导致湍流的不同过程以及这些过程如何影响混合方面取得的进展。我们考虑了不同的建模策略和已经开发的新工具。模拟结果、大规模实验期间收集的大量观测材料以及新的实验室数据揭示了从潮汐流到湍流的能量级联是如何通过一系列非线性过程发生的，包括强化边界流、波浪破碎、波-波相互作用, 以及高模内波束的不稳定性。涉及海洋状态、粗糙度几何形状和潮汐强迫的各种无量纲参数的作用是……