This article reviews recent advances on the use of Raman spectroscopy to study and characterize carbon nanostructures. It starts with a brief survey of Raman spectroscopy of graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by recent developments in the field. Various novel topics, including Stokes–anti-Stokes correlation, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in two dimensions, phonon coherence, and high-pressure and shielding effects, are presented. Some consequences for other fields—quantum optics, near-field electromagnetism, archeology, materials and soil sciences—are discussed. The review ends with a discussion of new perspectives on Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanostructures, including how this technique can contribute to the development of biotechnological applications and nanotoxicology.

中文翻译：

---

碳纳米结构的拉曼研究

本文回顾了使用拉曼光谱研究和表征碳纳米结构的最新进展。它首先简要介绍了石墨烯和碳纳米管的拉曼光谱，然后是该领域的最新发展。介绍了各种新颖的主题，包括斯托克斯-反斯托克斯相关性、二维尖端增强拉曼光谱、声子相干性以及高压和屏蔽效应。讨论了其他领域的一些后果——量子光学、近场电磁学、考古学、材料和土壤科学。综述最后讨论了碳纳米结构拉曼光谱的新观点，包括该技术如何促进生物技术应用和纳米毒理学的发展。