Additive manufacturing enables fabrication of materials with intricate cellular architecture, whereby progress in 3D printing techniques is increasing the possible configurations of voids and solids ad infinitum. Examples are microlattices with graded porosity and truss structures optimized for specific loading conditions. The cellular architecture determines the mechanical properties and density of these materials and can influence a wide range of other properties, e.g., acoustic, thermal, and biological properties. By combining optimized cellular architectures with high-performance metals and ceramics, several lightweight materials that exhibit strength and stiffness previously unachievable at low densities were recently demonstrated. This review introduces the field of architected materials; summarizes the most common fabrication methods, with an emphasis on additive manufacturing; and discusses recent progress in the development of architected materials. The review also discusses important application...

中文翻译：

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建筑蜂窝材料

增材制造能够制造具有复杂蜂窝结构的材料，因此 3D 打印技术的进步正在无限增加空隙和固体的可能配置。示例是具有梯度孔隙率的微晶格和针对特定负载条件优化的桁架结构。蜂窝结构决定了这些材料的机械特性和密度，并且可以影响广泛的其他特性，例如声学、热学和生物特性。通过将优化的蜂窝结构与高性能金属和陶瓷相结合，最近展示了几种具有以前在低密度下无法实现的强度和刚度的轻质材料。这篇综述介绍了建筑材料领域；总结了最常见的制作方法，强调增材制造；并讨论了建筑材料开发的最新进展。该评论还讨论了重要的应用...