Annual Review of Medicine ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-18 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-062315-120245 Kheng Newick 1 , Shaun O'Brien 1 , Edmund Moon 1 , Steven M. Albelda 1
The field of cancer immunotherapy has been re-energized by the application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in cancers. These CAR T cells are engineered to express synthetic receptors that redirect polyclonal T cells to surface antigens for subsequent tumor elimination. Many CARs are designed with elements that augment T cell persistence and activity. To date, CAR T cells have demonstrated tremendous success in eradicating hematologic malignancies (e.g., CD19 CARs in leukemias). However, this success has yet to be extrapolated to solid tumors, and the reasons for this are being actively investigated. We characterize some of the challenges that CAR T cells have to surmount in the solid tumor microenvironment and new approaches that are being considered to overcome these hurdles.
中文翻译:
实体瘤的CAR T细胞疗法
嵌合免疫受体(CAR)T细胞疗法在癌症中的应用已经重新激发了癌症免疫疗法的领域。这些CAR T细胞经过改造,可以表达合成的受体,这些受体会将多克隆T细胞重定向至表面抗原,以用于随后的肿瘤消除。许多CAR的设计元素都增加了T细胞的持久性和活性。迄今为止,CAR T细胞在根除血液系统恶性肿瘤(例如白血病中的CD19 CAR)方面已显示出巨大的成功。然而,这种成功还没有推断到实体瘤,并且正在积极研究其原因。我们表征了在实体瘤微环境中CAR T细胞必须克服的一些挑战以及正在考虑克服这些障碍的新方法。